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Hipster or hepcat, as used in the 1940s, referred to aficionados of jazz, in particular bebop, which became popular in the early 1940s. The hipster adopted the lifestyle of the jazz musician, including some or all of the following: dress, slang, use of cannabis and other drugs, relaxed attitude, sarcastic humor, self-imposed poverty and relaxed sexual codes. ==History== The words ''hep'' and ''hip'' are of uncertain origin, with numerous competing theories being proposed. In the early days of jazz, musicians were using the ''hep'' variant to describe anybody who was "in the know" about an emerging culture, mostly black, which revolved around jazz. They and their fans were known as ''hepcats''. By the late 1930s, with the rise of swing, ''hip'' rose in popularity among jazz musicians, to replace ''hep''. Clarinetist Artie Shaw described singer Bing Crosby as "the first hip white person born in the United States."〔Marcus, James, "(The First Hip White Person )." 2001. ''Atlantic Monthly''. Retrieved 2008-03-02〕 In 1939, the word ''hepster'' was used by Cab Calloway in the title of his ''Hepster's Dictionary'', which defines ''hep cat'' as "a guy who knows all the answers, understands jive". In 1944, pianist Harry Gibson modified this to ''hipster''〔"At that time musicians used jive talk among themselves and many customers were picking up on it. One of these words was hep which described someone in the know. When lots of people started using hep, musicians changed to hip. I started calling people hipsters and greeted customers who dug the kind of jazz we were playing as 'all you hipsters.' Musicians at the club began calling me Harry the Hipster; so I wrote a new tune called 'Handsome Harry the Hipster.'" -- Harry Gibson, "Everybody's Crazy But Me" (1986).〕 in his short glossary "For Characters Who Don't Dig Jive Talk," published in 1944 with the album ''Boogie Woogie In Blue'', featuring the self-titled hit "Handsome Harry the Hipster".〔("For Characters Who Don't Dig Jive Talk" )〕 The entry for ''hipsters'' defined them as "characters who like hot jazz." Hipsters were more interested in bebop and "hot" jazz than they were in swing, which by the late 1940s was becoming old-fashioned and watered down by "squares" like Lawrence Welk, Guy Lombardo and Robert Coates. In the 1940s, white youth began to frequent African-American communities for their music and dance. These first youths diverged from the mainstream due to their new philosophies of racial diversity and their exploratory sexual nature and drug habits. The drug of choice was marijuana, many hipster slang terms were dedicated to the substance. In his book ''Jazz: A History'' (1977), Frank Tirro defines the 1940s hipster:
Marty Jezer, in ''The Dark Ages: Life in the United States 1945–1960'' (1999), provides another definition:
In Lennie Tristano's view, the hipsters' relation to bebop was anything but positive: "the supercilious attitude and lack of originality of the young hipsters constitute no less a menace to the existence of bebop."〔(Google Book Search: The Rise of the Jazz Art World )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hipster (1940s subculture)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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